French Art History in Chicago

Chicago has become a real center for French art history.

Chicago-based art historians have made a mark with their research on French art and culture. Rebecca Zorach, Associate Professor of Art History at the University of Chicago, has become one of the leading art historians of the French Renaissance in the United States, on the strength of her Blood, Milk, Ink, Gold: Abundance and Excess in the French Renaissance (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005).

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Bernadotte Fort, Professor of French and Affiliate Professor of Art History at Northwestern University, considers early modern French theory and criticism of art. Nina Dubin, Associate Professor of Art History at the University of Illinois at Chicago, recently published a book on Futures & Ruins: Eighteenth-Century Paris and the Art of Hubert Robert. Hannah Higgins, Professor of Art History at the University of Illinois at Chicago, is the author of several books on the Fluxus movement.

Other faculty in art history, history, anthropology, and related fields at Northern Illinois University, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and other nearby colleges and universities support the growing focus on French art history in Chicago by presenting their work periodically at the Newberry Library, AIC, and other institutions in Chicago.

The French collections of the Art Institute of Chicago in medieval art, Renaissance arms and armor, Renaissance prints, eighteenth-century paintings, Modernist paintings, and Impressionist paintings are truly impressive.

A new traveling exhibition on “Impressionism, Fashion, and Modernity“—currently at the Musée d’Orsay in Paris—is coming soon to the Art Institute of Chicago (AIC). The AIC periodically organizes blockbuster shows on French and Francophone artists such as its 1993 “Magritte” and 1995 “Claude Monet: 1840-1926” exhibitions.  Recent AIC exhibitions on French art history include: “Kings, Queens, and Courtiers: Art in Early Renaissance France“; an exhibition on the art of Bonnard, Vuillard, and Roussel; “Entre Nous: The Art of Claude Cahun“; and a 2010 exhibit featuring the photography of Henri Cartier-Bresson.

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The AIC publishes catalogs for many of its exhibitions, including the volume edited by Martha Wolff on Kings, Queens, and Courtiers: Art in Renaissance France (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2011).

Other Chicago museums, such as the Museum of Contemporary Art (MCA) and the Newberry Library, have produced temporary exhibits on French art history. The MCA frequently features artists and art collections with French connections, such as a recent exhibit, “Ronan and Erwan Bouroullec: Bivouac.” The Newberry Library has showcased its stellar collections of French books, prints, and maps in numerous exhibits. The Field Museum is bringing the new Lascaux exhibition of replicas of cave paintings to Chicago this year.

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Less well known are the many connections between the Chicago and French contemporary art worlds. Chicago art museums are intimately linked with major French museums through traveling art exhibitions, research exchanges, scholarly conferences, and institutional connections.

The Director of the Art Institute of Chicago, Douglas Druick, was named Officier in the French Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the French Ministry of Culture in 2012.  The French Embassy in Washington reports on the award.

Sylvain Bellenger, an experienced French museum curator and director, was recently appointed as Searle Chair and Curator of the Department of Medieval through Modern European Painting and Sculpture at the Art Institute of Chicago. Art Daily reports on the hire.

The Art Institute of Chicago has produced a new French-language audio guide to its collections for French and Francophone visitors. A recent teacher workshop at the Art Institute discussed the new guide.

Posted in Art History, Contemporary Art, European History, French History, Humanities Education, Museums and Historical Memory, Renaissance Art and History, Uncategorized | 1 Comment

Poop Patrol in Paris

Having recently returned from a research trip to Paris, I couldn’t resist sharing this post on the poop patrol in Paris!

OK, so poop patrol is my own term, but the patrolling does really exist.

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NPR‘s Eleanor Beardsley reports on the Parisian officials who enforce the laws requiring dog owners to clean up their dogs’ waste.

This story really hits home for me in a new way, since the dog was along for the research stay in France this time (for the first time).

My own experience of living in France during research stays periodically over the past two decades suggests that Parisians are indeed getting much better about cleaning up after their dogs.  That said, your shoes can still have unpleasant encounters on the streets of Paris. So, watch your step!

 

Posted in European History, European Union, French History, Paris History, Study Abroad | Leave a comment

Multicultural European History

Europe has a long history of immigration and cultural mixing that has often been obscured by nationalist historical writing from the nineteenth century to today.  Although historical definitions of Europe have often cast “Europeans” as white, this racial description has never reflected the entire population of the cultural area of Europe.

A fascinating NPR story about an Afro-European boy who wanted to become a Hitler Youth in 1940s Germany reveals how complicated the multicultural history of Europe can be when seriously contemplated.

Over the past generation, historians of ancient, medieval, and early modern Europe have been expanding our awareness of the long-term history of multiracial and multicultural populations in European societies.

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One important example of this sort of historical work is: T. F. Earle and K. J. P. Lowe, eds., Black Africans in Renaissance Europe (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005).

Atlantic World histories have produced a vast body of work on multicultural relationships across the Atlantic in the sixteenth through eighteenth centuries, but have often failed to consider multicultural relationships within Europe.

Work on the Mediterreanean World has arguably been more effective in generating new research on inter-religious and multicultural connections in the medieval and early modern periods within Europe, as well as other regions of the Mediterranean.

Posted in Early Modern Europe, Early Modern World, European History, Globalization, Mediterranean World | Leave a comment

US Women in Combat

The Department of Defense has announced that it will lift the ban on women serving in combat positions in the United States military.

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The move in some ways confirms the already-existing situation in the Iraq War and Afghan War over the past decade, but it also removes constraints and greatly expands the potential for female soldiers to serve in combat roles worldwide. The decision means that women will now be eligible for promotion to be officers in combat units.

The Washington Post reports on this story.

 

Posted in Gender and Warfare, History of Violence, Strategy and International Politics, War, Culture, and Society, Women and Gender History | Leave a comment

The Legacy of Martin Luther King, Jr.

Today is both Martin Luther King, Jr., Day and Barack Obama’s Second Inauguration.

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So, it seems the ideal time to reassess the historical legacy of MLK.  The History News Network regroups a series of articles and essays on Martin Luther King, Jr., and his continuing significance.

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Martin Luther King, Jr., played a crucial role as a leader in the Civil Rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s, successfully pushing for abolition of Jim Crow Laws, as well as passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1964. His speeches galvanized a generation of Civil Rights activists and demanded the attention of the entire American people. The Civil Rights movement brought about significant political and cultural changes in the United States that arguably constituted a social revolution.

Since King’s tragic death in 1968, his ideas and methods of nonviolent protest have gained an even broader audience of citizens and activists pushing for democratic reforms and human rights legislation around the world.

News organizations are rightly highlighting the links between Martin Luther King and President Obama today, but they often see very different connections. The AP reports on the Inauguration. Eugene Robinson offers an opinion piece on “The Black President No Longer” in the Washington Post. The Washington Post offers a series of surprising facts about MLK, as well as an editorial and a report on how MLK Day was celebrated in Washington, DC. Tavis Smiley provides his perspective on the Inauguration at CBS.

Historian Clayborne Carson (Stanford University) offers an interview on MLK’s legacy.

NPR provides analysis and commentary on President Obama’s Inaugural Address. A panel of commentators at the Guardian provide reactions from the U.K. to President Obama’s Inaugural Address and the Inauguration Day ceremonies.

Posted in Comparative Revolutions, Globalization, History of Violence, Human Rights, Political Culture, Revolts and Revolutions, Uncategorized | Leave a comment

Astronomy and Climate History

A new study by a team of astronomers suggests that a powerful gamma-ray burst hit the earth in the year 774 or 775.

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The impact of this eighth-century burst, which apparently stemmed from a collision of two neutron stars, was likely marginal. Researchers have detected trace evidence of the burst from tree ring and ice core samples. But, a similar burst today could potentially cause serious damage to electronic grids and earth’s atmosphere.

This sort of finding is a good example of the growing body of collaborative research between scientists and historians on long-term climate history and environmental history. Much of this research is focused on the medieval and early modern world, which have significant textual, visual, and physical evidence available for analysis.

The BBC reports on the astronomers’ study.

Posted in Early Modern Europe, Early Modern World, Environmental History, History of Science | Leave a comment

French Way of War

The French intervention in Mali against Islamist militant groups has drawn worldwide attention to French military forces and their capabilities.

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French politicians seem concerned to maintain an independent foreign policy that is distinct from NATO and European Union international politics. The current President François Hollande and previous President Nicolas Sarkozy both have launched military interventions into African civil conflicts. French international relations is articulated simultaneously in European, Mediterranean, and world contexts through its diplomatic and military initiatives. France invests heavily in its arms industries and military organizations, which allow it to conduct a diverse range of deployments and interventions.

Stephen Erlanger, Paris Bureau Chief of the New York Times, provides analysis in a piece entitled, “The French Way of War,” in the Sunday Review of the New York Times online.

Historians of French war and society will want to consider Erlanger’s assessment of the French armed forces, as well as his use of the concept of “ways of war.”

The phrase “way of war” has become very popular among historians of war and society and military pundits, in part due to the success of Russell F. Weigley’s classic study, The American Way of War (1973; reprint, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1977).

Brian McAllister Linn reassessed the concept in Journal of Military History 66 (April 2002), which also published a reply by Russell F. Weigley. A roundtable on “comparative ways of war” was published in Historically Speaking 11: 5 (November 2010).  A recent article in Small Wars Journal revisits the debate over an “American way of war.”

 

Posted in Arms Control, Civil Conflict, European History, European Union, French History, Strategy and International Politics, Terrorism, War, Culture, and Society | Leave a comment

Medici Archive Project Fellowships

The Medici Granducal Archive (Mediceo del Principato), comprising over four-million letters dating between 1537-1743, provides the most complete record of any princely regime in early modern Italy as well as an extraordinarily rich historical reservoir of European history. This collection offers an incomparable panorama of human history, expressed through the words of the people most immediately involved, opening new windows onto the political, diplomatic, gastronomic, economic, artistic, scientific, military and medical culture of early modern Tuscany and Europe.
The Medici Archive Project (MAP) (www.medici.org) believes that it is imperative to provide graduate and doctoral students from diverse disciplines with the opportunity to have exposure to original source materials and training in their use. For this reason MAP is offering three short-term fellowships sponsored by the SAMUEL FREEMAN CHARITABLE TRUST (SFCT) for graduate students in any field of the humanities or social sciences who are in the early stages of their dissertation work. The SFCT fellowships have been developed to enable students working on their dissertations to conduct primary research using the Mediceo del Principato and other collections housed in the Archivio di Stato in Florence.
This scholarly residence will be of considerable benefit in helping the students to gain the necessary skills, experience and confidence to continue independent academic research in the later stages of their graduate trajectory. Fellowship recipients will attend the annual MAP Archival Studies Seminar.
While undertaking primary research for their dissertation in the Florentine state archives the Fellows will benefit from the supervision of the MAP Staff, academics drawn from a variety of disciplines, who are experts in archival research, paleography and the digital humanities. The Fellows will also have the opportunity to expand their academic networks through contact with the many international scholars who regularly visit and collaborate with MAP.
The fellowships last for a period of two-and-a-half months to be carried out continuously during the period between 1 April 2013 and 15 July 2013. The SFCT Fellows will undertake their dissertation research on-site in the Archivio di Stato, Florence.
The candidates will have the following qualifications: a completed M.Phil (or equivalent) in any field of early modern humanities and fluency in English and Italian. Preference will be given to those applicants whose dissertation topic is immediately relevant to the content of these archives. The stipend is $5,000 plus an allowance for travel expenses. To apply for this fellowship, the following material should be sent electronically to Elena Brizio (ebrizio@medici.org):

1) A copy of the candidate’s dissertation proposal (or a final draft)
2) A short essay (two pages maximum) on how a candidate’s topic may benefit from archival research.
3) A complete and up-to-date curriculum vitae.
4) The name and email contact details of one scholar, preferably the candidate’s supervisor, who can comment on the applicant’s qualifications and the merits of the research proposal (please do not include letters of recommendation with the application).

The application deadline is: 13 March 2013 at noon.
Further information:
1) All materials submitted by the applicant should be in English.
2) All materials should be in a single pdf file.
3) Please do not include supplementary material (publications, papers, syllabi, etc.).

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Dr. Elena Brizio
Vice Director
The Medici Archive Project
ebrizio@medici.org

 

Posted in Archival Research, Digital Humanities, Early Modern Europe, Early Modern World, Graduate Work in History, Grants and Fellowships, Italian History, Renaissance Art and History, Study Abroad | Leave a comment

Newtown Massacre Viewed From Europe

A month after the Newtown massacre, people around the world are remembering the victims and attempting to understand the mass killing. Having recently returned from a research trip to Europe, I thought that an examination of European perceptions of the Newtown massacre could be useful at this point.

The Newtown massacre in December 2012 horrified, but fascinated European audiences. The mass killing confirmed European stereotypes about American society as a particularly violent one. European media follow news from the United States closely and routinely report on major developments in American politics and society, but this story seems to have particularly touched a nerve in European audiences. A month after the shooting rampage, European media continue to report on the killings and the ensuing debate in the United States over gun control.

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European reporting on the massacre has often focused on a supposedly violent American character, inversing the triumphalist claims of American exceptionalism. A particularly American culture of violence, including seemingly unlimited acceptance of guns, seems responsible for the Newtown massacre in much of the European press. A Repubblica article discusses the culture of violence. American gun violence is typically characterized as irrational and American attitudes on guns are often presented as insane. Le Monde ran a story on “L’Amérique face à sa folie des armes” after the Newtown massacre.

The sheer number of mass killings and shooting rampages in the United States shocks European journalists and audiences. An article in Libération seeks to explain mass killings to French readers. Of course, there have been mass killings in Europe in recent memory, such as the Cumbria mass shooting in Britain, the horrifying Utoya massacre in Norway in 2011, the shooting spree in southern France in March 2012. Few European publications seem to have focused on comparisons between the Newtown massacre and these mass shooting incidents, however.

European media have reported extensively on the numerous shooting sprees and would-be rampages across the United States in the past month since the Newtown massacre, including the assassination of firefighters in New York state, the multiple murders in Aurora, and the killings in rural Pennsylvania. Repubblica reported on a teenager who took a gun to school in Utah and on a shooting in Las Vegas. Le Monde highlighted the differences between the mass shooting in Newtown and the nearly contemporaneous mass stabbing of children in China, where no victims were killed.

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The proliferation of firearms figures prominently in European reporting on violence in America. A Le Monde article focuses on the diffusion of arms in the United States and a BBC story provides detailed statistics on arms ownership and gun violence. Libération reports polls showing that a majority of Americans favor curbing arms proliferation through gun control measures. Numerous stories have discussed the growth in arms sales since President Obama’s election, and especially following the Newtown massacre. Many of these stories have stressed the booming business at gun shows, as in a Le Monde story entitled, “Ambiance familiale et frénésie d’achat au « gun show ».”

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Most European media deplore the pro-gun attitudes of American citizens and the lack of action by American lawmakers to institute gun control measures. The Economist published a piece on the American people’s failure to act.

European news media have highlighted the power of the National Rifle Association as explaining American inaction on gun violence. Le Monde reports on the political influence of the NRA and the Great America news blog at Libération also focuses on the NRA. The Independent accused the NRA of hypocrisy for trying to shift the blame for the Newtown massacre from assault rifles to Hollywood.

Some of the European stories, such as one by Le Monde, point to gun buyback programs as a potential method of reducing the number of firearms in circulation in the United States.

Posted in Arms Control, European History, European Union, French History, History of Violence, Political Culture | 1 Comment

French Air Power in Mali

The French military intervention in Mali is only a few days old, but already French air power is having an impact. According to the French Defense Minister, Rafale and Mirage fighter-bombers have flown a number of sorties over Mali, bombing targets in Goa and across the rebel-held territories in northern Mali. The French military intervention is apparently rapidly expanding in scope and scale, according to the Washington Post and other news sources.

Not surprisingly, news media have focused on the demonstrations of French air power. The front page of the center-left newspaper Libération provides a good example of this pattern:

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The initial stages of the French bombing campaign have already resulted in civilian casualties, as well as rebel deaths. The Guardian and Human Rights Watch report on civilian casualties. The intervention is not exclusively an air campaign, however, since French troops have landed in the capital of Bamako and a column of French tanks has been sighted on the ground.

Meanwhile, Islamist militant groups have launched a counter-attack on the ground, retaking the town of Diabaly, according to reports today by Le Monde and the BBC. Malian militant groups have also threatened to retaliate with international terrorist attacks on French soil, according to France 24. A series of cyber attacks has already been launched on French diplomatic and media sites, according to Le Monde.

The French government has promised a short, limited intervention. The BBC reports on French President François Hollande’s statements and the aims discussed by the French military. But, the Guardian provides criticism of the justifications for military intervention and a Le Monde piece questions whether or not the intervention is legal under international law. Curiously, Algeria has decided to approve French intervention in Mali and is allowing French Air Force to fly through its air space to reach Mali, according to a report in Libération.

Posted in Civil Conflict, Civilians and Refugees in War, European History, European Union, French History, History of Violence, Mediterranean World, Political Culture, Strategy and International Politics, Terrorism, War, Culture, and Society | Leave a comment